How to Read a Book Recommended Reading List

Mortimer Adler's How to Read a Book was first published in 1940 and heavily revised in 1972 with Charles Van Doren. Appendix A of the 1972 edition, "A Recommended Reading List", gives 137 numbered entries in roughly chronological order, each naming an author (or an anonymous work) and one or more recommended works. The authors describe it as a list of books they would choose to take to a desert island, and note that it is confined to the Western tradition because they did not feel competent to judge non-Western books. Most entries name several works. Here each entry appears as up to four items, one per major work, with the remaining titles named by the authors gathered into the note of the first item for that author.

Works
276
Lists
1
Official list
en.wikipedia.org
Source
How this list was checked

Appendix A, How to Read a Book, revised edition (Simon and Schuster, 1972); transcribed from the reproductions at and cross-checked against each other, checked 2026-09-21

The list

Browse these 277 →
  1. 1The IliadHomer · c. 750 BCE · 1Demanding
  2. 2The OdysseyHomer · c. 725 BCE · 1Demanding
  3. 3The BibleAnonymous · c. 1000 BCE · 2Demanding
  4. 4The OresteiaAeschylus · 458 BCE · 3Demanding
  5. 5Oedipus the KingSophocles · c. 429 BCE · 4Moderate
  6. 6The HistoriesHerodotus · c. 430 BCE · 5Demanding
  7. 7MedeaEuripides · 431 BCE · 6: Tragedies, especially Medea, Hippolytus, The BacchaeModerate
  8. 8HippolytusEuripides · 428 BCE · 6Demanding
  9. 9The BacchaeEuripides · c. 405 BCE · 6Demanding
  10. 10History of the Peloponnesian WarThucydides · c. 431-400 BCE · 7Demanding
  11. 11Medical WritingsHippocrates · c. 430-350 BCE · 8Demanding
  12. 12The CloudsAristophanes · 423 BCE · 9: Comedies, especially The Clouds, The Birds, The FrogsDemanding
  13. 13The BirdsAristophanes · 414 BCE · 9Demanding
  14. 14The FrogsAristophanes · 405 BCE · 9Demanding
  15. 15The RepublicPlato · c. 375 BCE · 10: Dialogues, especially Republic, Symposium, Phaedo, Meno, Apology, Phaedrus, Protagoras, Gorgias, Sophist, TheaetetusDifficult
  16. 16SymposiumPlato · c. 380 BCE · 10Moderate
  17. 17PhaedoPlato · c. 380 BCE · 10Demanding
  18. 18ApologyPlato · c. 395 BCE · 10Approachable
  19. 19OrganonAristotle · c. 350 BCE · 11: Works, especially Organon, Physics, Metaphysics, On the Soul, Nicomachean Ethics, Politics, Rhetoric, PoeticsFormidable
  20. 20PhysicsAristotle · c. 350 BCE · 11Difficult
  21. 21MetaphysicsAristotle · c. 340 BCE · 11Formidable
  22. 22Nicomachean EthicsAristotle · c. 340 BCE · 11Demanding
  23. 23Letter to Herodotus and Letter to MenoeceusEpicurus · c. 300 BCE · 12Demanding
  24. 24ElementsEuclid · c. 300 BCE · 13Demanding
  25. 25WorksArchimedes · c. 250-212 BCE · 14: especially On the Equilibrium of Planes, On Floating Bodies, The Sand-ReckonerFormidable
  26. 26On Conic SectionsApollonius of Perga · c. 200 BCE · 15Formidable
  27. 27On DutiesCicero · 44 BCE · 16: especially Orations, On Friendship, On Old AgeModerate
  28. 28On the Nature of ThingsLucretius · c. 55 BCE · 17Difficult
  29. 29The AeneidVirgil · 29-19 BCE · 18Demanding
  30. 30Odes and EpodesHorace · 30-13 BCE · 19: Works, especially Odes and Epodes, The Art of PoetryDemanding
  31. 31History of RomeLivy · 20 BCE · 20Moderate
  32. 32MetamorphosesOvid · 8 CE · 21: Works, especially MetamorphosesDemanding
  33. 33Lives of the Noble Grecians and RomansPlutarch · c. 100-120 · 22Moderate
  34. 34MoraliaPlutarch · c. 80-120 · 22Moderate
  35. 35HistoriesTacitus · c. 105-110 · 23: Histories, Annals, Agricola, GermaniaDemanding
  36. 36AnnalsTacitus · c. 115-120 · 23Demanding
  37. 37Introduction to ArithmeticNicomachus of Gerasa · c. 100 · 24Demanding
  38. 38DiscoursesEpictetus · c. 108 CE · 25Moderate
  39. 39EnchiridionEpictetus · c. 125 CE · 25 (Handbook)Approachable
  40. 40AlmagestPtolemy · c. 150 CE · 26Formidable
  41. 41WorksLucian · c. 160-180 · 27: especially The Way to Write History, The True History, The Sale of CreedsModerate
  42. 42MeditationsMarcus Aurelius · c. 170-180 · 28Moderate
  43. 43On the Natural FacultiesGalen · c. 170 CE · 29Difficult
  44. 44The BibleAnonymous · c. 1000 BCE · 30Demanding
  45. 45The EnneadsPlotinus · c. 253 · 31Formidable
  46. 46On the TeacherAugustine · 389 · 32: Works, especially On the Teacher, Confessions, The City of God, On Christian DoctrineDemanding
  47. 47ConfessionsAugustine · 397-400 · 32Demanding
  48. 48The City of GodAugustine · 413-426 · 32Difficult
  49. 49On Christian DoctrineAugustine · 397-426 · 32Demanding
  50. 50The Song of RolandAnonymous · c. 1100 · 33Moderate
  51. 51The NibelungenliedAnonymous · c. 1200 · 34 (the Volsunga Saga is the Scandinavian version of the same legend)Moderate
  52. 52The Saga of Burnt NjalAnonymous · c. 1280 · 35Demanding
  53. 53Summa TheologicaThomas Aquinas · 1265-1274 · 36Difficult
  54. 54The New LifeDante Alighieri · c. 1293-1295 · 37: Works, especially The New Life, On Monarchy, The Divine ComedyModerate
  55. 55On MonarchyDante Alighieri · c. 1312-1318 · 37Demanding
  56. 56The Divine ComedyDante Alighieri · c. 1308-1320 · 37Difficult
  57. 57Troilus and CriseydeGeoffrey Chaucer · c. 1382-1386 · 38: Works, especially Troilus and Criseyde, The Canterbury TalesDifficult
  58. 58The Canterbury TalesGeoffrey Chaucer · c. 1387-1400 · 38Demanding
  59. 59NotebooksLeonardo da Vinci · c. 1478-1519 · 39Moderate
  60. 60The PrinceNiccolò Machiavelli · 1513 · 40Moderate
  61. 61Discourses on the First Ten Books of LivyNiccolò Machiavelli · c. 1513 · 40Demanding
  62. 62The Praise of FollyDesiderius Erasmus · 1511 · 41Moderate
  63. 63On the Revolutions of the Heavenly SpheresNicolaus Copernicus · 1543 · 42Formidable
  64. 64UtopiaThomas More · 1516 · 43Moderate
  65. 65Three TreatisesMartin Luther · 1520 · 44: Three Treatises, Table-TalkDemanding
  66. 66Table-TalkMartin Luther · 1531 · 44Moderate
  67. 67Gargantua and PantagruelFrançois Rabelais · 1532-1564 · 45Difficult
  68. 68Institutes of the Christian ReligionJohn Calvin · 1536 · 46Difficult
  69. 69EssaysMichel de Montaigne · 1580-1595 · 47Demanding
  70. 70On the Loadstone and Magnetic BodiesWilliam Gilbert · 1600 · 48Demanding
  71. 71Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes · 1605-1615 · 49Demanding
  72. 72ProthalamionEdmund Spenser · 1596 · 50Demanding
  73. 73The Faerie QueeneEdmund Spenser · 1590-1596 · 50Difficult
  74. 74EssaysFrancis Bacon · 1597-1625 · 51: Essays, Advancement of Learning, Novum Organum, New AtlantisModerate
  75. 75The Advancement of LearningFrancis Bacon · 1605 · 51Demanding
  76. 76Novum OrganumFrancis Bacon · 1620 · 51Demanding
  77. 77New AtlantisFrancis Bacon · 1627 · 51Approachable
  78. 78HamletWilliam Shakespeare · c. 1600 · 52Demanding
  79. 79The Starry MessengerGalileo Galilei · 1610 · 53Approachable
  80. 80Dialogues Concerning Two New SciencesGalileo Galilei · 1638 · 53Difficult
  81. 81Epitome of Copernican AstronomyJohannes Kepler · 1618-1621 · 54Formidable
  82. 82Concerning the Harmonies of the WorldJohannes Kepler · 1619 · 54Difficult
  83. 83On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in AnimalsWilliam Harvey · 1628 · 55: also On the Circulation of the Blood, On the Generation of AnimalsDemanding
  84. 84LeviathanThomas Hobbes · 1651 · 56Demanding
  85. 85Rules for the Direction of the MindRené Descartes · c. 1628 · 57: Rules for the Direction of the Mind, Discourse on Method, Geometry, Meditations on First PhilosophyDemanding
  86. 86Discourse on MethodRené Descartes · 1637 · 57Moderate
  87. 87GeometryRené Descartes · 1637 · 57Formidable
  88. 88Meditations on First PhilosophyRené Descartes · 1641 · 57Demanding
  89. 89Paradise LostJohn Milton · 1667 · 58: Works, especially the minor poems, Areopagitica, Paradise Lost, Samson AgonistesDifficult
  90. 90AreopagiticaJohn Milton · 1644 · 58Demanding
  91. 91Samson AgonistesJohn Milton · 1671 · 58Demanding
  92. 92The MisanthropeMolière · 1666 · 59: Comedies, especially The Miser, The School for Wives, The Misanthrope, The Doctor in Spite of Himself, TartuffeModerate
  93. 93TartuffeMolière · 1664 · 59Approachable
  94. 94The MiserMolière · 1668 · 59Approachable
  95. 95The School for WivesMolière · 1662 · 59Approachable
  96. 96The Provincial LettersBlaise Pascal · 1656-1657 · 60: The Provincial Letters, Pensées, scientific treatisesDemanding
  97. 97PenséesBlaise Pascal · 1657 · 60Demanding
  98. 98Treatise on LightChristiaan Huygens · 1690 · 61Difficult
  99. 99EthicsBaruch Spinoza · 1677 · 62Formidable
  100. 100A Letter Concerning TolerationJohn Locke · 1689 · 63: Letter Concerning Toleration, Of Civil Government (Second Treatise), Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Some Thoughts Concerning EducationModerate
  101. 101Second Treatise of GovernmentJohn Locke · 1689 · 63 (Of Civil Government)Moderate
  102. 102An Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingJohn Locke · 1689 · 63Demanding
  103. 103Some Thoughts Concerning EducationJohn Locke · 1693 · 63Moderate
  104. 104AndromacheJean Racine · 1667 · 64: Tragedies, especially Andromache, PhaedraModerate
  105. 105PhaedraJean Racine · 1677 · 64Moderate
  106. 106Mathematical Principles of Natural PhilosophyIsaac Newton · 1687 · 65Formidable
  107. 107OpticksIsaac Newton · 1704 · 65Demanding
  108. 108Discourse on MetaphysicsGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1686 · 66: Discourse on Metaphysics, New Essays Concerning Human Understanding, MonadologyDifficult
  109. 109New Essays Concerning Human UnderstandingGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1704 · 66Difficult
  110. 110MonadologyGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1714 · 66Difficult
  111. 111Robinson CrusoeDaniel Defoe · 1719 · 67Moderate
  112. 112A Tale of a TubJonathan Swift · 1704 · 68: A Tale of a Tub, Journal to Stella, Gulliver's Travels, A Modest ProposalDifficult
  113. 113Journal to StellaJonathan Swift · 1710 · 68Demanding
  114. 114Gulliver's TravelsJonathan Swift · 1726 · 68Moderate
  115. 115A Modest ProposalJonathan Swift · 1729 · 68Moderate
  116. 116The Way of the WorldWilliam Congreve · 1700 · 69Demanding
  117. 117Principles of Human KnowledgeGeorge Berkeley · 1710 · 70Demanding
  118. 118An Essay on CriticismAlexander Pope · 1711 · 71: Essay on Criticism, Rape of the Lock, Essay on ManDemanding
  119. 119The Rape of the LockAlexander Pope · 1712 · 71Moderate
  120. 120An Essay on ManAlexander Pope · 1733-1734 · 71Demanding
  121. 121Persian LettersMontesquieu · 1721 · 72Moderate
  122. 122The Spirit of the LawsMontesquieu · 1748 · 72Demanding
  123. 123Letters on the EnglishVoltaire · 1733 · 73: Letters on the English, Candide, Philosophical DictionaryModerate
  124. 124CandideVoltaire · 1759 · 73Approachable
  125. 125Philosophical DictionaryVoltaire · 1764 · 73Moderate
  126. 126Joseph AndrewsHenry Fielding · 1742 · 74Moderate
  127. 127Tom JonesHenry Fielding · 1749 · 74Demanding
  128. 128The Vanity of Human WishesSamuel Johnson · 1749 · 75: The Vanity of Human Wishes, Dictionary, Rasselas, The Lives of the Poets (especially the essays on Milton and Pope)Demanding
  129. 129A Dictionary of the English LanguageSamuel Johnson · 1755 · 75Moderate
  130. 130RasselasSamuel Johnson · 1759 · 75Moderate
  131. 131The Lives of the PoetsSamuel Johnson · 1779-1781 · 75: especially the essays on Milton and PopeDemanding
  132. 132A Treatise of Human NatureDavid Hume · 1739-1740 · 76: Treatise of Human Nature, Essays Moral and Political, Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingFormidable
  133. 133Essays, Moral and PoliticalDavid Hume · 1741-1742 · 76Demanding
  134. 134An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingDavid Hume · 1748 · 76Demanding
  135. 135Discourse on the Origin of InequalityJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1755 · 77: On the Origin of Inequality, On Political Economy, Emile, The Social ContractModerate
  136. 136Discourse on Political EconomyJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1755 · 77Moderate
  137. 137EmileJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1762 · 77Demanding
  138. 138The Social ContractJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1762 · 77Demanding
  139. 139Tristram ShandyLaurence Sterne · 1759-1767 · 78Demanding
  140. 140A Sentimental Journey Through France and ItalyLaurence Sterne · 1768 · 78Moderate
  141. 141The Theory of Moral SentimentsAdam Smith · 1759 · 79Demanding
  142. 142The Wealth of NationsAdam Smith · 1776 · 79Demanding
  143. 143Critique of Pure ReasonImmanuel Kant · 1781 · 80: Critique of Pure Reason, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals, Critique of Practical Reason, The Science of Right, Critique of Judgment, Perpetual PeaceFormidable
  144. 144Groundwork of the Metaphysics of MoralsImmanuel Kant · 1785 · 80Difficult
  145. 145Critique of Practical ReasonImmanuel Kant · 1788 · 80Difficult
  146. 146Critique of JudgmentImmanuel Kant · 1790 · 80Formidable
  147. 147The Decline and Fall of the Roman EmpireEdward Gibbon · 1776-1789 · 81: also AutobiographyDemanding
  148. 148London JournalJames Boswell · 1762 · 82: Journal (especially London Journal), Life of Samuel JohnsonModerate
  149. 149Life of Samuel JohnsonJames Boswell · 1791 · 82Demanding
  150. 150Elements of ChemistryAntoine Lavoisier · 1789 · 83Demanding
  151. 151The Federalist PapersAlexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay · 1787-1788 · 84: together with the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States, and the Declaration of IndependenceDemanding
  152. 152An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and LegislationJeremy Bentham · 1789 · 85: also Theory of FictionsDemanding
  153. 153FaustJohann Wolfgang von Goethe · 1808 · 86: Faust, Poetry and TruthDifficult
  154. 154Poetry and TruthJohann Wolfgang von Goethe · 1811-1833 · 86Demanding
  155. 155The Analytical Theory of HeatJoseph Fourier · 1822 · 87Formidable
  156. 156Phenomenology of SpiritG. W. F. Hegel · 1807 · 88: Phenomenology of Spirit, Philosophy of Right, Lectures on the Philosophy of HistoryFormidable
  157. 157Philosophy of RightG. W. F. Hegel · 1821 · 88Difficult
  158. 158Lectures on the Philosophy of HistoryG. W. F. Hegel · 1822 · 88Difficult
  159. 159PoemsWilliam Wordsworth · 1798-1850 · 89: especially Lyrical Ballads, Lucy poems, sonnets, The PreludeDemanding
  160. 160PoemsSamuel Taylor Coleridge · 1796-1834 · 90: especially Kubla Khan, The Rime of the Ancient MarinerModerate
  161. 161Biographia LiterariaSamuel Taylor Coleridge · 1817 · 90Difficult
  162. 162Pride and PrejudiceJane Austen · 1813 · 91Approachable
  163. 163EmmaJane Austen · 1815 · 91Moderate
  164. 164On WarCarl von Clausewitz · 1832 · 92Difficult
  165. 165The Red and the BlackStendhal · 1830 · 93: The Red and the Black, The Charterhouse of Parma, On LoveDemanding
  166. 166The Charterhouse of ParmaStendhal · 1839 · 93Demanding
  167. 167On LoveStendhal · 1822 · 93Demanding
  168. 168Don JuanLord Byron · 1819-1824 · 94Demanding
  169. 169Studies in PessimismArthur Schopenhauer · 1851 · 95Moderate
  170. 170The Chemical History of a CandleMichael Faraday · 1861 · 96Approachable
  171. 171Experimental Researches in ElectricityMichael Faraday · 1839-1855 · 96Demanding
  172. 172Principles of GeologyCharles Lyell · 1830-1833 · 97Demanding
  173. 173The Positive PhilosophyAuguste Comte · 1830-1842 · 98Difficult
  174. 174Père GoriotHonoré de Balzac · 1835 · 99Moderate
  175. 175Eugénie GrandetHonoré de Balzac · 1833 · 99Moderate
  176. 176Representative MenRalph Waldo Emerson · 1850 · 100: Representative Men, Essays, JournalDemanding
  177. 177EssaysRalph Waldo Emerson · 1841 and 1844 · 100Demanding
  178. 178JournalRalph Waldo Emerson · 1820-1882 · 100Demanding
  179. 179The Scarlet LetterNathaniel Hawthorne · 1850 · 101Moderate
  180. 180Democracy in AmericaAlexis de Tocqueville · 1835-1840 · 102Demanding
  181. 181A System of LogicJohn Stuart Mill · 1843 · 103: A System of Logic, On Liberty, Representative Government, Utilitarianism, The Subjection of Women, AutobiographyFormidable
  182. 182On LibertyJohn Stuart Mill · 1859 · 103Moderate
  183. 183UtilitarianismJohn Stuart Mill · 1861 · 103Moderate
  184. 184The Subjection of WomenJohn Stuart Mill · 1869 · 103Moderate
  185. 185On the Origin of SpeciesCharles Darwin · 1859 · 104: The Origin of Species, The Descent of Man, AutobiographyDemanding
  186. 186The Descent of ManCharles Darwin · 1871 · 104Demanding
  187. 187The Pickwick PapersCharles Dickens · 1836-1837 · 105: Works, especially Pickwick Papers, David Copperfield, Hard TimesModerate
  188. 188David CopperfieldCharles Dickens · 1849-1850 · 105Moderate
  189. 189Hard TimesCharles Dickens · 1854 · 105Moderate
  190. 190An Introduction to the Study of Experimental MedicineClaude Bernard · 1865 · 106Demanding
  191. 191Civil DisobedienceHenry David Thoreau · 1849 · 107Moderate
  192. 192WaldenHenry David Thoreau · 1854 · 107Demanding
  193. 193CapitalKarl Marx · 1867 · 108: Capital, together with the Communist ManifestoDifficult
  194. 194The Communist ManifestoKarl Marx · 1848 · 108Approachable
  195. 195Adam BedeGeorge Eliot · 1859 · 109Moderate
  196. 196MiddlemarchGeorge Eliot · 1871-1872 · 109Demanding
  197. 197Moby-DickHerman Melville · 1851 · 110Difficult
  198. 198Billy BuddHerman Melville · 1886 · 110Demanding
  199. 199Crime and PunishmentFyodor Dostoevsky · 1866 · 111Demanding
  200. 200The IdiotFyodor Dostoevsky · 1869 · 111Difficult
  201. 201The Brothers KaramazovFyodor Dostoevsky · 1880 · 111Difficult
  202. 202Madame BovaryGustave Flaubert · 1857 · 112Moderate
  203. 203Three StoriesGustave Flaubert · 1877 · 112Moderate
  204. 204Hedda GablerHenrik Ibsen · 1890 · 113: Plays, especially Hedda Gabler, A Doll's House, The Wild DuckModerate
  205. 205A Doll's HouseHenrik Ibsen · 1879 · 113Approachable
  206. 206The Wild DuckHenrik Ibsen · 1884 · 113Moderate
  207. 207War and PeaceLeo Tolstoy · 1865-1869 · 114: War and Peace, Anna Karenina, What Is Art?, Twenty-Three TalesDemanding
  208. 208Anna KareninaLeo Tolstoy · 1875-1878 · 114Demanding
  209. 209What Is Art?Leo Tolstoy · 1897 · 114Moderate
  210. 210Twenty-Three TalesLeo Tolstoy · 1872 · 114Approachable
  211. 211Adventures of Huckleberry FinnMark Twain · 1884-1885 · 115Moderate
  212. 212The Mysterious StrangerMark Twain · 1897 · 115Moderate
  213. 213The Principles of PsychologyWilliam James · 1890 · 116: Principles of Psychology, Varieties of Religious Experience, Pragmatism, Essays in Radical EmpiricismDemanding
  214. 214The Varieties of Religious ExperienceWilliam James · 1902 · 116Moderate
  215. 215PragmatismWilliam James · 1907 · 116Moderate
  216. 216Essays in Radical EmpiricismWilliam James · 1904 · 116Difficult
  217. 217The AmericanHenry James · 1877 · 117Moderate
  218. 218The AmbassadorsHenry James · 1903 · 117Difficult
  219. 219Thus Spoke ZarathustraFriedrich Nietzsche · 1883-1885 · 118: Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Beyond Good and Evil, The Genealogy of Morals, The Will to PowerDifficult
  220. 220Beyond Good and EvilFriedrich Nietzsche · 1886 · 118Difficult
  221. 221On the Genealogy of MoralsFriedrich Nietzsche · 1887 · 118Difficult
  222. 222The Will to PowerFriedrich Nietzsche · 1883 · 118Difficult
  223. 223Science and HypothesisHenri Poincaré · 1902 · 119Demanding
  224. 224Science and MethodHenri Poincaré · 1908 · 119Demanding
  225. 225The Interpretation of DreamsSigmund Freud · 1899 · 120: Interpretation of Dreams, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, Civilization and Its Discontents, New Introductory Lectures on PsychoanalysisDemanding
  226. 226Introductory Lectures on PsychoanalysisSigmund Freud · 1916-1917 · 120Moderate
  227. 227Civilization and Its DiscontentsSigmund Freud · 1930 · 120Moderate
  228. 228New Introductory Lectures on PsychoanalysisSigmund Freud · 1933 · 120Moderate
  229. 229Man and SupermanGeorge Bernard Shaw · 1903 · 121: Plays and prefaces, especially Man and Superman, Major Barbara, Caesar and Cleopatra, Pygmalion, Saint JoanDemanding
  230. 230Major BarbaraGeorge Bernard Shaw · 1905 · 121Moderate
  231. 231PygmalionGeorge Bernard Shaw · 1912 · 121Approachable
  232. 232Saint JoanGeorge Bernard Shaw · 1923 · 121Moderate
  233. 233Origin and Development of the Quantum TheoryMax Planck · 1920 · 122: also Where Is Science Going?, Scientific AutobiographyDemanding
  234. 234Where Is Science Going?Max Planck · 1932 · 122Moderate
  235. 235Scientific AutobiographyMax Planck · 1948 · 122Moderate
  236. 236Time and Free WillHenri Bergson · 1889 · 123: Time and Free Will, Matter and Memory, Creative Evolution, The Two Sources of Morality and ReligionDifficult
  237. 237Matter and MemoryHenri Bergson · 1896 · 123Formidable
  238. 238Creative EvolutionHenri Bergson · 1907 · 123Difficult
  239. 239The Two Sources of Morality and ReligionHenri Bergson · 1932 · 123Difficult
  240. 240How We ThinkJohn Dewey · 1910 · 124: How We Think, Democracy and Education, Experience and Nature, Logic: The Theory of InquiryModerate
  241. 241Democracy and EducationJohn Dewey · 1916 · 124Demanding
  242. 242Experience and NatureJohn Dewey · 1925 · 124Formidable
  243. 243Logic: The Theory of InquiryJohn Dewey · 1938 · 124Formidable
  244. 244An Introduction to MathematicsAlfred North Whitehead · 1911 · 125: Introduction to Mathematics, Science and the Modern World, The Aims of Education, Adventures of IdeasModerate
  245. 245Science and the Modern WorldAlfred North Whitehead · 1925 · 125Difficult
  246. 246The Aims of Education and Other EssaysAlfred North Whitehead · 1929 · 125Moderate
  247. 247Adventures of IdeasAlfred North Whitehead · 1933 · 125Difficult
  248. 248The Life of ReasonGeorge Santayana · 1905-1906 · 126: The Life of Reason, Skepticism and Animal Faith, Persons and PlacesDifficult
  249. 249Skepticism and Animal FaithGeorge Santayana · 1923 · 126Difficult
  250. 250Persons and PlacesGeorge Santayana · 1944-1953 · 126Moderate
  251. 251The State and RevolutionVladimir Lenin · 1917 · 127Demanding
  252. 252In Search of Lost TimeMarcel Proust · 1913-1927 · 128Formidable
  253. 253The Problems of PhilosophyBertrand Russell · 1912 · 129: The Problems of Philosophy, The Analysis of Mind, An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, Human Knowledge: Its Scope and LimitsModerate
  254. 254The Analysis of MindBertrand Russell · 1921 · 129Difficult
  255. 255An Inquiry into Meaning and TruthBertrand Russell · 1940 · 129Difficult
  256. 256Human KnowledgeBertrand Russell · 1948 · 129Difficult
  257. 257The Magic MountainThomas Mann · 1924 · 130Difficult
  258. 258Joseph and His BrothersThomas Mann · 1933-1943 · 130Difficult
  259. 259The Meaning of RelativityAlbert Einstein · 1922 · 131: The Meaning of Relativity, On the Method of Theoretical Physics, The Evolution of Physics (with L. Infeld)Formidable
  260. 260On the Method of Theoretical PhysicsAlbert Einstein · 1933 · 131Moderate
  261. 261The Evolution of PhysicsAlbert Einstein · 1938 · 131 (with Leopold Infeld)Moderate
  262. 262DublinersJames Joyce · 1914 · 132: The DeadModerate
  263. 263A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManJames Joyce · 1916 · 132Demanding
  264. 264UlyssesJames Joyce · 1922 · 132Formidable
  265. 265Art and ScholasticismJacques Maritain · 1920 · 133: Art and Scholasticism, The Degrees of Knowledge, The Rights of Man and Natural Law, True HumanismDemanding
  266. 266The Degrees of KnowledgeJacques Maritain · 1932 · 133Formidable
  267. 267The Rights of Man and Natural LawJacques Maritain · 1942 · 133Moderate
  268. 268True HumanismJacques Maritain · 1936 · 133Demanding
  269. 269The TrialFranz Kafka · 1925 · 134Moderate
  270. 270The CastleFranz Kafka · 1926 · 134Demanding
  271. 271A Study of HistoryArnold J. Toynbee · 1934-1961 · 135Difficult
  272. 272Civilization on TrialArnold J. Toynbee · 1948 · 135Moderate
  273. 273NauseaJean-Paul Sartre · 1938 · 136Demanding
  274. 274No ExitJean-Paul Sartre · 1944 · 136Approachable
  275. 275Being and NothingnessJean-Paul Sartre · 1943 · 136Formidable
  276. 276The First CircleAleksandr Solzhenitsyn · 1968 · 137Demanding
  277. 277Cancer WardAleksandr Solzhenitsyn · 1968 · 137Demanding