New Essays Concerning Human Understanding

by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain

Assigned by 1 of the 9 reading lists, catalogue entry only

Written
1704 (published 1765)
Language
French
Length
Long · 500 pp300 to 700 pages
Difficulty
Difficult4 of 5 for a first-year reader

We recommendNew Essays on Human Understanding, translated by Peter Remnant and Jonathan BennettCambridge University Press, 1996The standard complete English translation, in the Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy series.

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Leibniz's chapter-by-chapter reply to Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding, written as a dialogue between Philalethes, who speaks for Locke, and Theophilus, who speaks for Leibniz. Against the mind as a blank slate, Leibniz argues for innate ideas and truths that experience only awakens, like veins in a block of marble. He discusses unconscious petites perceptions, personal identity, language, and the limits of knowledge. Locke died in 1704 and Leibniz withheld the book; it appeared in 1765.

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The catalogue entry above is complete: the dates, the form, the themes and every program that assigns New Essays Concerning Human Understanding are verified against each program's published list.

What is missing is the part that takes real work: the summary, the key passages, and a recommended translation. The edition named below is the one most programs assign, so the buy links are useful already.

Browse the 48 works that do have a guide →

Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain, New Essays on Human Understanding, Nouveaux essais, Locke, innate ideas, tabula rasa, petites perceptions, Philalethes, Theophilus, personal identity, marble, Leibnitz, G. W. Leibniz