Archimedes

Archimedes of Syracuse was the greatest mathematician of antiquity, who found the area of the parabola and the volume of the sphere by methods that anticipated the calculus, stated the law of the lever, discovered the principle of buoyancy, and defended his city against the Romans with machines that terrified their fleet. He was killed by a soldier when Syracuse fell in 212 BCE, reportedly while working on a diagram. On Floating Bodies is the founding text of hydrostatics; the Works the lists assign contain the Measurement of the Circle and the Method, recovered from a palimpsest in 1906.