Yale Directed Studies

Yale DS, Yale, Directed Studies, DS, Literature, Philosophy, Historical and Political Thought

Directed Studies is a selective one-year program for about 125 first-year students at Yale College, founded in 1946. Students take three linked year-long courses, Literature, Philosophy, and Historical and Political Thought, which together make up two-thirds of their first-year schedule. Each course combines a weekly lecture by a Yale faculty member with small discussion sections of about eighteen students, and students write a paper roughly every two weeks. The fall semester in all three courses runs from the ancient Near East and Greece through late antiquity and the Middle Ages; the spring semester runs from the Renaissance to the twentieth century. The lists below follow the schedules of readings in the three official syllabi, fall then spring, with the assigned selections given in the note. Anthologies and readers on the book list (Early Greek Philosophy, The Stoics Reader, Classical Arabic Philosophy, the Romantic poetry reader) are entered by the works actually assigned from them where the syllabus names them.

Works
105
Free to read
62 of them →
Courses
3
Source
How this list was checked

Directed Studies 2024-25 syllabi (the most recent published): Literature Fall 2024 and Spring 2025, Philosophy Fall 2024 and Spring 2025, Historical and Political Thought Fall 2024 and Spring 2025, PDFs linked from and checked 2026-09-21

Literature

Philosophy

Historical and Political Thought

107 works, spine out. Take one down to see its cover.Tap one to take it down.

Literature

The Literature course of Directed Studies, Yale's first-year great books program: epic, tragedy, comedy, lyric and the novel from Gilgamesh and Homer through Dante, Shakespeare, Milton, Goethe, Dostoevsky and Woolf, read at roughly a book a week.

Browse these 28 →
  1. 1The Epic of GilgameshAnonymous · c. 1200 BCEAndrew George translationAmazon: The Epic of Gilgamesh, Andrew George translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  2. 2The BibleAnonymous · c. 1000 BCE · Hebrew Bible, selectionsOxford University Press editionDemanding
  3. 3The IliadHomer · c. 750 BCERichmond Lattimore translationAmazon: The Iliad, Richmond Lattimore translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  4. 4The OdysseyHomer · c. 725 BCERichmond Lattimore translationDemanding
  5. 5If Not, Winter: Fragments of SapphoSappho · c. 600 BCE · selected fragmentsAnne Carson translationAmazon: If Not, Winter: Fragments of Sappho, Anne Carson translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  6. 6The OresteiaAeschylus · 458 BCERobert Fagles translationAmazon: The Oresteia, Robert Fagles translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  7. 7AntigoneSophocles · c. 441 BCERobert Fagles translationAmazon: Antigone, Robert Fagles translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  8. 8The BacchaeEuripides · c. 405 BCEWilliam Arrowsmith translationAmazon: The Bacchae, William Arrowsmith translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  9. 9The AeneidVirgil · 29-19 BCERobert Fagles translationAmazon: The Aeneid, Robert Fagles translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  10. 10MetamorphosesOvid · 8 CE · Book 1; Book 9 (Iphis and Ianthe); Book 10; Book 11 (death of Orpheus)Charles Martin translationAmazon: Metamorphoses, Charles Martin translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  11. 11Gospel of MatthewAnonymous · c. 80-90 CEOxford University Press editionModerate
  12. 12Letter to the RomansPaul the Apostle · c. 57 CEOxford University Press editionAmazon: Letter to the Romans, Oxford University Press edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  13. 13Gospel of ThomasAnonymous · c. 60-140 CEMarvin Meyer translationAmazon: Gospel of Thomas, Marvin Meyer translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  14. 14Gospel of JudasAnonymous · c. 150 CERodolphe Kasser, Marvin Meyer and Gregor Wurst translationDemanding
  15. 15ConfessionsAugustine · 397-400 · Books 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10Henry Chadwick translationAmazon: Confessions, Henry Chadwick translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  16. 16The Divine ComedyDante Alighieri · c. 1308-1320 · Inferno complete; Purgatorio 1-2, 10-12, 21-33; Paradiso 1, 10-12, 30-33Allen Mandelbaum translationAmazon: The Divine Comedy, Allen Mandelbaum translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  17. 17Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes · 1605-1615 · Part IEdith Grossman translationAmazon: Don Quixote, Edith Grossman translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  18. 18HamletWilliam Shakespeare · c. 1600Folger Shakespeare Library (Simon and Schuster) editionAmazon: Hamlet, Folger Shakespeare Library (Simon and Schuster) edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  19. 19Paradise LostJohn Milton · 1667W. W. Norton, Norton Critical Editions editionAmazon: Paradise Lost, W. W. Norton, Norton Critical Editions edition, opens in a new tabDifficult
  20. 20Romantic Poetry ReaderVarious authors · c. 1789-1832 · course reader of Romantic poemsWiley-Blackwell editionDemanding
  21. 21FrankensteinMary Shelley · 1818Penguin Classics editionAmazon: Frankenstein, Penguin Classics edition, opens in a new tabModerate
  22. 22FaustJohann Wolfgang von Goethe · 1808 · Part OneDavid Luke translationAmazon: Faust, David Luke translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  23. 23Madame BovaryGustave Flaubert · 1857Lydia Davis translationAmazon: Madame Bovary, Lydia Davis translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  24. 24Hadji MuratLeo Tolstoy · 1896Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky translationModerate
  25. 25Swann's WayMarcel Proust · 1913 · CombrayLydia Davis translationAmazon: Swann's Way, Lydia Davis translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  26. 26To the LighthouseVirginia Woolf · 1927Harcourt (Harvest) editionAmazon: To the Lighthouse, Harcourt (Harvest) edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  27. 27A Raisin in the SunLorraine Hansberry · 1959Vintage editionAmazon: A Raisin in the Sun, Vintage edition, opens in a new tabApproachable
  28. 28OmerosDerek Walcott · 1990 · Books 1-3, 6, 7Farrar, Straus and Giroux editionAmazon: Omeros, Farrar, Straus and Giroux edition, opens in a new tabDifficult

Philosophy

The Philosophy course: Plato and Aristotle in the fall, then Augustine, Aquinas, Descartes, Hume and Kant in the spring, with Nietzsche and Wittgenstein at the end. The sequence Yale uses to teach how philosophical argument works.

Browse these 38 →
  1. 1EuthyphroPlato · c. 395 BCEG. M. A. Grube, revised by John M. Cooper translationAmazon: Euthyphro, G. M. A. Grube, revised by John M. Cooper translation, opens in a new tabApproachable
  2. 2ApologyPlato · c. 395 BCEG. M. A. Grube, revised by John M. Cooper translationAmazon: Apology, G. M. A. Grube, revised by John M. Cooper translation, opens in a new tabApproachable
  3. 3MenoPlato · c. 385 BCEG. M. A. Grube, revised by John M. Cooper translationAmazon: Meno, G. M. A. Grube, revised by John M. Cooper translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  4. 4PhaedoPlato · c. 380 BCEG. M. A. Grube, revised by John M. Cooper translationAmazon: Phaedo, G. M. A. Grube, revised by John M. Cooper translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  5. 5FragmentsThe Pre-Socratic Philosophers · c. 600-400 BCE · Parmenides and Anaxagoras, in Barnes, Early Greek PhilosophyJonathan Barnes translationAmazon: Fragments, Jonathan Barnes translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  6. 6The RepublicPlato · c. 375 BCEAllan Bloom translationAmazon: The Republic, Allan Bloom translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  7. 7TimaeusPlato · c. 360 BCE · 27c-41dDonald J. Zeyl translationAmazon: Timaeus, Donald J. Zeyl translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  8. 8Nicomachean EthicsAristotle · c. 340 BCE · I.1-8, 13; II.1-7, 9; III.1-5, 10-12; VI.1-7, 12-13; VII.1-3; IX.4, 8-9; X.6-8Terence Irwin translationAmazon: Nicomachean Ethics, Terence Irwin translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  9. 9OrganonAristotle · c. 350 BCE · Categories 1-5Jonathan Barnes editionAmazon: Organon, Jonathan Barnes edition, opens in a new tabFormidable
  10. 10PhysicsAristotle · c. 350 BCE · I.7-9; IIJoe Sachs translationAmazon: Physics, Joe Sachs translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  11. 11On the SoulAristotle · c. 350 BCE · I.1, 4; II.1-5; III.4-5Joe Sachs translationAmazon: On the Soul, Joe Sachs translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  12. 12MetaphysicsAristotle · c. 340 BCE · I.1-2; VII.7-9; XII.1-7, 9-10Joe Sachs translationFormidable
  13. 13Letter to MenoeceusEpicurus · c. 300 BCE · with the Principal DoctrinesBrad Inwood and Lloyd P. Gerson translationAmazon: Letter to Menoeceus, Brad Inwood and Lloyd P. Gerson translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  14. 14On the Nature of ThingsLucretius · c. 55 BCE · Books I and IIIA. E. Stallings translationAmazon: On the Nature of Things, A. E. Stallings translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  15. 15The Stoics ReaderVarious authors · 3rd c. BCE · texts 28-33, 138-150 (ed. Inwood and Gerson)Brad Inwood and Lloyd P. Gerson translationAmazon: The Stoics Reader, Brad Inwood and Lloyd P. Gerson translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  16. 16Moral and Political EssaysSeneca · c. 41-62 CE · On Anger (selections); On the Private LifeJohn M. Cooper and J. F. Procopé translationAmazon: Moral and Political Essays, John M. Cooper and J. F. Procopé translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  17. 17Outlines of ScepticismSextus Empiricus · c. 200 · Book 1Julia Annas and Jonathan Barnes translationAmazon: Outlines of Scepticism, Julia Annas and Jonathan Barnes translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  18. 18On Free Choice of the WillAugustine · 388-395Thomas Williams translationAmazon: On Free Choice of the Will, Thomas Williams translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  19. 19ProslogionAnselm · c. 1078 · chapters 2-4, with Gaunilo's Reply on Behalf of the Fool and Anselm's ReplyOxford University Press editionAmazon: Proslogion, Oxford University Press edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  20. 20Summa TheologicaThomas Aquinas · 1265-1274 · Part I, q. 2 a. 3 (the Five Ways); q. 3 a. 7; q. 4 a. 2; q. 12 a. 12; q. 13 aa. 2-5Fathers of the English Dominican Province translationAmazon: Summa Theologica, Fathers of the English Dominican Province translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  21. 21On the IntellectAl-Kindi · c. 850 · in Classical Arabic Philosophy (McGinnis and Reisman)Jon McGinnis and David C. Reisman translationDemanding
  22. 22Doubts About GalenAl-Razi · c. 900-925 · Introduction; in Classical Arabic PhilosophyJon McGinnis and David C. Reisman translationAmazon: Doubts About Galen, Jon McGinnis and David C. Reisman translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  23. 23On the IntellectAl-Farabi · c. 940 · in Classical Arabic PhilosophyJon McGinnis and David C. Reisman translationAmazon: On the Intellect, Jon McGinnis and David C. Reisman translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  24. 24The CureAvicenna (Ibn Sina) · c. 1020-1027 · selections from The Soul; in Classical Arabic PhilosophyJon McGinnis and David C. Reisman translationFormidable
  25. 25Meditations on First PhilosophyRené Descartes · 1641John Cottingham translationAmazon: Meditations on First Philosophy, John Cottingham translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  26. 26Correspondence with DescartesElisabeth of Bohemia · 1643-1649 · selectionsLisa Shapiro translationDemanding
  27. 27Discourse on MetaphysicsGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1686 · sections 1-16, 30-36Daniel Garber and Roger Ariew translationAmazon: Discourse on Metaphysics, Daniel Garber and Roger Ariew translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  28. 28MonadologyGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1714Daniel Garber and Roger Ariew translationAmazon: Monadology, Daniel Garber and Roger Ariew translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  29. 29The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern PhilosophyAnne Conway · c. 1670 · selections, in Atherton, Women Philosophers of the Early Modern PeriodAllison P. Coudert and Taylor Corse translationAmazon: The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy, Allison P. Coudert and Taylor Corse translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  30. 30Principles of Human KnowledgeGeorge Berkeley · 1710Oxford University Press editionAmazon: Principles of Human Knowledge, Oxford University Press edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  31. 31An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingDavid Hume · 1748 · sections 1-5, 7-8, 12Eric Steinberg editionAmazon: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Eric Steinberg edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  32. 32A Treatise of Human NatureDavid Hume · 1739-1740 · I.4.6; II.1.1; II.3.3-4; III.1Oxford University Press editionAmazon: A Treatise of Human Nature, Oxford University Press edition, opens in a new tabFormidable
  33. 33Critique of Pure ReasonImmanuel Kant · 1781 · B Preface and Introduction; Transcendental Aesthetic; opening of the Analytic; First and Second Analogies; Refutation of Idealism; Third AntinomyPaul Guyer and Allen W. Wood translationAmazon: Critique of Pure Reason, Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood translation, opens in a new tabFormidable
  34. 34Groundwork of the Metaphysics of MoralsImmanuel Kant · 1785Mary Gregor and Jens Timmermann translationAmazon: Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Mary Gregor and Jens Timmermann translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  35. 35UtilitarianismJohn Stuart Mill · 1861Hackett editionAmazon: Utilitarianism, Hackett edition, opens in a new tabModerate
  36. 36Phenomenology of SpiritG. W. F. Hegel · 1807 · Introduction; Sense-Certainty; Lordship and BondageA. V. Miller translationAmazon: Phenomenology of Spirit, A. V. Miller translation, opens in a new tabFormidable
  37. 37Fear and TremblingSøren Kierkegaard · 1843Alastair Hannay translationAmazon: Fear and Trembling, Alastair Hannay translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  38. 38The Second SexSimone de Beauvoir · 1949 · Introduction; Myths, ch. 1 (selections); ch. 10 (selections)Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier translationAmazon: The Second Sex, Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier translation, opens in a new tabDemanding

Historical and Political Thought

Historical and Political Thought: Herodotus, Thucydides, Plato's Republic, Aristotle's Politics, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Tocqueville, Marx and Weber. How the West has argued about who should rule.

Browse these 41 →
  1. 1GenesisAnonymous · c. 10th c. BCE · chapters 37-50Robert Alter translationAmazon: Genesis, Robert Alter translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  2. 2ExodusThe Bible · c. 7th c. BCERobert Alter translationAmazon: Exodus, Robert Alter translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  3. 3DeuteronomyThe Bible · c. 7th c. BCE · chapters 29-32, 34Robert Alter translationAmazon: Deuteronomy, Robert Alter translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  4. 4The HistoriesHerodotus · c. 430 BCE · I.1-91; II.35-41; III.27-38, 61-89; VI.94-120; VII (selections); VII.201-VIII.125; VIII.140-144Andrea L. Purvis translationAmazon: The Histories, Andrea L. Purvis translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  5. 5History of the Peloponnesian WarThucydides · c. 431-400 BCE · I.1-23, 66-97, 125-146; II.1-65; III.36-50, 81-84; V.84-116; VI.6-32, 47-61, 88-93; VII.50-87Richard Crawley, edited by Robert B. Strassler translationAmazon: History of the Peloponnesian War, Richard Crawley, edited by Robert B. Strassler translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  6. 6The RepublicPlato · c. 375 BCE · Books I-VIIIAllan Bloom translationAmazon: The Republic, Allan Bloom translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  7. 7PoliticsAristotle · c. 335 BCE · I; II.1-8; III; IV.1-12; V.1-5; VII.1-9, 13-15Carnes Lord translationAmazon: Politics, Carnes Lord translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  8. 8The HistoriesPolybius · c. 150-118 BCE · I.1-6; III (selections); VI (selections); X.2; XI.19Ian Scott-Kilvert translationAmazon: The Histories, Ian Scott-Kilvert translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  9. 9History of RomeLivy · 20 BCE · Preface; I.1-21, 46-60; II.1-13, 23-33, 54-61; IV.1-7, 58-61; VAubrey de Sélincourt translationAmazon: History of Rome, Aubrey de Sélincourt translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  10. 10Lives of the Noble Grecians and RomansPlutarch · c. 100-120 · Caesar; BrutusJohn Dryden, revised by Arthur Hugh Clough translationModerate
  11. 11AnnalsTacitus · c. 115-120 · selectionsMichael Grant translationAmazon: Annals, Michael Grant translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  12. 12The City of GodAugustine · 413-426 · selections from Books I, IV, V, VIII, XI, XII, XIV, XV, XVIII, XIXHenry Bettenson translationAmazon: The City of God, Henry Bettenson translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  13. 13The Political RegimeAl-Farabi · c. 940 · selectionsCharles E. Butterworth translationDifficult
  14. 14The Attainment of HappinessAl-Farabi · c. 940 · selectionsMuhsin Mahdi translationAmazon: The Attainment of Happiness, Muhsin Mahdi translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  15. 15The Guide of the PerplexedMaimonides · c. 1190 · selectionsShlomo Pines translationAmazon: The Guide of the Perplexed, Shlomo Pines translation, opens in a new tabFormidable
  16. 16Summa TheologicaThomas Aquinas · 1265-1274 · Treatise on Law (Part I-II, qq. 90-97)Fathers of the English Dominican Province translationAmazon: Summa Theologica, Fathers of the English Dominican Province translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  17. 17The PrinceNiccolò Machiavelli · 1513 · with the Letter to VettoriHarvey C. Mansfield translationAmazon: The Prince, Harvey C. Mansfield translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  18. 18Discourses on the First Ten Books of LivyNiccolò Machiavelli · c. 1513 · Book I: Preface, chapters 1-6Harvey C. Mansfield and Nathan Tarcov translationAmazon: Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy, Harvey C. Mansfield and Nathan Tarcov translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  19. 19Concerning Governmental AuthorityMartin Luther · 1523Cambridge University Press editionModerate
  20. 20Institutes of the Christian ReligionJohn Calvin · 1536 · IV.20Ford Lewis Battles translationAmazon: Institutes of the Christian Religion, Ford Lewis Battles translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  21. 21LeviathanThomas Hobbes · 1651 · Introduction; chapters 1-6, 10-14, 16-18, 20-21, 29-30Edwin Curley editionAmazon: Leviathan, Edwin Curley edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  22. 22Second Treatise of GovernmentJohn Locke · 1689 · chapters 1-5, 6-8 (selections), 9-14, 18, 19 (selections)Hackett editionAmazon: Second Treatise of Government, Hackett edition, opens in a new tabModerate
  23. 23Discourse on the Origin of InequalityJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1755Donald A. Cress translationAmazon: Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, Donald A. Cress translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  24. 24The Social ContractJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1762 · Parts I and II; IV.8Donald A. Cress translationAmazon: The Social Contract, Donald A. Cress translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  25. 25The Federalist PapersAlexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay · 1787-1788 · Nos. 1, 9, 10, 39, 51Signet Classics editionAmazon: The Federalist Papers, Signet Classics edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  26. 26The Constitution of the United StatesAnonymous · 1787Penguin Civic Classics editionAmazon: The Constitution of the United States, Penguin Civic Classics edition, opens in a new tabModerate
  27. 27Political WritingsNicolas de Condorcet · 1786-1794 · On Freedom; On RevolutionCambridge University Press editionAmazon: Political Writings, Cambridge University Press edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  28. 28The Debate between Sieyès and PaineEmmanuel Joseph Sieyès and Thomas Paine · 1791Michael Sonenscher translationAmazon: The Debate between Sieyès and Paine, Michael Sonenscher translation, opens in a new tabModerate
  29. 29Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)French National Assembly · 1789Bedford/St. Martin's editionApproachable
  30. 30Reflections on the Revolution in FranceEdmund Burke · 1790 · selectionsHackett editionAmazon: Reflections on the Revolution in France, Hackett edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  31. 31A Vindication of the Rights of MenMary Wollstonecraft · 1790 · selectionsOxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics) editionDemanding
  32. 32A Vindication of the Rights of WomanMary Wollstonecraft · 1792 · selectionsOxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics) editionDemanding
  33. 33Democracy in AmericaAlexis de Tocqueville · 1835-1840 · Vol. I: Introduction; I.2-5; II.1, 3-4, 6-9. Vol. II: Notice; II.1-5, 8-10, 20; IV.6-8Harvey C. Mansfield and Delba Winthrop translationAmazon: Democracy in America, Harvey C. Mansfield and Delba Winthrop translation, opens in a new tabDemanding
  34. 34Narrative of the Life of Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass · 1845 · chapters 1 and 10Penguin Classics editionModerate
  35. 35Selected SpeechesFrederick Douglass · 1841-1894 · What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?; The Trials and Triumphs of Self-Made Men; The Freedmen's Monument to Abraham Lincoln; Woman Suffrage MovementLawrence Hill Books editionAmazon: Selected Speeches, Lawrence Hill Books edition, opens in a new tabDemanding
  36. 36The Communist ManifestoKarl Marx · 1848Samuel Moore translationAmazon: The Communist Manifesto, Samuel Moore translation, opens in a new tabApproachable
  37. 37CapitalKarl Marx · 1867 · Volume I, Part VIII, selectionsBen Fowkes translationAmazon: Capital, Ben Fowkes translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  38. 38On the Genealogy of MoralsFriedrich Nietzsche · 1887Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale translationAmazon: On the Genealogy of Morals, Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale translation, opens in a new tabDifficult
  39. 39The Souls of Black FolkW. E. B. Du Bois · 1903 · chapters 1-5, 8, 10-14W. W. Norton editionAmazon: The Souls of Black Folk, W. W. Norton edition, opens in a new tabModerate
  40. 40The Origins of TotalitarianismHannah Arendt · 1951 · selectionsHarvest (Harcourt) editionAmazon: The Origins of Totalitarianism, Harvest (Harcourt) edition, opens in a new tabDifficult
  41. 41Personal Responsibility Under DictatorshipHannah Arendt · 1964Schocken Books editionAmazon: Personal Responsibility Under Dictatorship, Schocken Books edition, opens in a new tabDemanding

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