Yale Directed Studies

Directed Studies is a selective one-year program for about 125 first-year students at Yale College, founded in 1946. Students take three linked year-long courses, Literature, Philosophy, and Historical and Political Thought, which together make up two-thirds of their first-year schedule. Each course combines a weekly lecture by a Yale faculty member with small discussion sections of about eighteen students, and students write a paper roughly every two weeks. The fall semester in all three courses runs from the ancient Near East and Greece through late antiquity and the Middle Ages; the spring semester runs from the Renaissance to the twentieth century. The lists below follow the schedules of readings in the three official syllabi, fall then spring, with the assigned selections given in the note. Anthologies and readers on the book list (Early Greek Philosophy, The Stoics Reader, Classical Arabic Philosophy, the Romantic poetry reader) are entered by the works actually assigned from them where the syllabus names them.

Works
105
Courses
3
Source
How this list was checked

Directed Studies 2024-25 syllabi (the most recent published): Literature Fall 2024 and Spring 2025, Philosophy Fall 2024 and Spring 2025, Historical and Political Thought Fall 2024 and Spring 2025, PDFs linked from and checked 2026-09-21

Literature

Browse these 28 →
  1. 1The Epic of GilgameshAnonymous · c. 1200 BCEModerate
  2. 2The BibleAnonymous · c. 1000 BCE · Hebrew Bible, selectionsDemanding
  3. 3The IliadHomer · c. 750 BCEDemanding
  4. 4The OdysseyHomer · c. 725 BCEDemanding
  5. 5If Not, Winter: Fragments of SapphoSappho · c. 600 BCE · selected fragmentsModerate
  6. 6The OresteiaAeschylus · 458 BCEDemanding
  7. 7AntigoneSophocles · c. 441 BCEModerate
  8. 8The BacchaeEuripides · c. 405 BCEDemanding
  9. 9The AeneidVirgil · 29-19 BCEDemanding
  10. 10MetamorphosesOvid · 8 CE · Book 1; Book 9 (Iphis and Ianthe); Book 10; Book 11 (death of Orpheus)Demanding
  11. 11Gospel of MatthewAnonymous · c. 80-90 CEModerate
  12. 12Letter to the RomansThe Bible · c. 57 CEDemanding
  13. 13Gospel of ThomasAnonymous · c. 60-140 CEDemanding
  14. 14Gospel of JudasAnonymous · c. 150 CEDemanding
  15. 15ConfessionsAugustine · 397-400 · Books 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10Demanding
  16. 16The Divine ComedyDante Alighieri · c. 1308-1320 · Inferno complete; Purgatorio 1-2, 10-12, 21-33; Paradiso 1, 10-12, 30-33Difficult
  17. 17Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes · 1605-1615 · Part IDemanding
  18. 18HamletWilliam Shakespeare · c. 1600Demanding
  19. 19Paradise LostJohn Milton · 1667Difficult
  20. 20Romantic Poetry ReaderVarious authors · c. 1789-1832 · course reader of Romantic poemsDemanding
  21. 21FrankensteinMary Shelley · 1818Moderate
  22. 22FaustJohann Wolfgang von Goethe · 1808 · Part OneDifficult
  23. 23Madame BovaryGustave Flaubert · 1857Moderate
  24. 24Hadji MuratLeo Tolstoy · 1896Moderate
  25. 25Swann's WayMarcel Proust · 1913 · CombrayDifficult
  26. 26To the LighthouseVirginia Woolf · 1927Demanding
  27. 27A Raisin in the SunLorraine Hansberry · 1959Approachable
  28. 28OmerosDerek Walcott · 1990 · Books 1-3, 6, 7Difficult

Philosophy

Browse these 38 →
  1. 1EuthyphroPlato · c. 395 BCEApproachable
  2. 2ApologyPlato · c. 395 BCEApproachable
  3. 3MenoPlato · c. 385 BCEModerate
  4. 4PhaedoPlato · c. 380 BCEDemanding
  5. 5FragmentsThe Pre-Socratic Philosophers · c. 600-400 BCE · Parmenides and Anaxagoras, in Barnes, Early Greek PhilosophyDemanding
  6. 6The RepublicPlato · c. 375 BCEDifficult
  7. 7TimaeusPlato · c. 360 BCE · 27c-41dDifficult
  8. 8Nicomachean EthicsAristotle · c. 340 BCE · I.1-8, 13; II.1-7, 9; III.1-5, 10-12; VI.1-7, 12-13; VII.1-3; IX.4, 8-9; X.6-8Demanding
  9. 9OrganonAristotle · c. 350 BCE · Categories 1-5Formidable
  10. 10PhysicsAristotle · c. 350 BCE · I.7-9; IIDifficult
  11. 11On the SoulAristotle · c. 350 BCE · I.1, 4; II.1-5; III.4-5Difficult
  12. 12MetaphysicsAristotle · c. 340 BCE · I.1-2; VII.7-9; XII.1-7, 9-10Formidable
  13. 13Letter to MenoeceusEpicurus · c. 300 BCE · with the Principal DoctrinesModerate
  14. 14On the Nature of ThingsLucretius · c. 55 BCE · Books I and IIIDifficult
  15. 15The Stoics ReaderVarious authors · 3rd c. BCE · texts 28-33, 138-150 (ed. Inwood and Gerson)Difficult
  16. 16Moral and Political EssaysSeneca · c. 41-62 CE · On Anger (selections); On the Private LifeDemanding
  17. 17Outlines of ScepticismSextus Empiricus · c. 200 · Book 1Demanding
  18. 18On Free Choice of the WillAugustine · 388-395Demanding
  19. 19ProslogionAnselm · c. 1078 · chapters 2-4, with Gaunilo's Reply on Behalf of the Fool and Anselm's ReplyDemanding
  20. 20Summa TheologicaThomas Aquinas · 1265-1274 · Part I, q. 2 a. 3 (the Five Ways); q. 3 a. 7; q. 4 a. 2; q. 12 a. 12; q. 13 aa. 2-5Difficult
  21. 21On the IntellectAl-Kindi · c. 850 · in Classical Arabic Philosophy (McGinnis and Reisman)Demanding
  22. 22Doubts About GalenAl-Razi · c. 900-925 · Introduction; in Classical Arabic PhilosophyDemanding
  23. 23On the IntellectAl-Farabi · c. 940 · in Classical Arabic PhilosophyDifficult
  24. 24The CureAvicenna (Ibn Sina) · c. 1020-1027 · selections from The Soul; in Classical Arabic PhilosophyFormidable
  25. 25Meditations on First PhilosophyRené Descartes · 1641Demanding
  26. 26Correspondence with DescartesElisabeth of Bohemia · 1643-1649 · selectionsDemanding
  27. 27Discourse on MetaphysicsGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1686 · sections 1-16, 30-36Difficult
  28. 28MonadologyGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1714Difficult
  29. 29The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern PhilosophyAnne Conway · c. 1670 · selections, in Atherton, Women Philosophers of the Early Modern PeriodDifficult
  30. 30Principles of Human KnowledgeGeorge Berkeley · 1710Demanding
  31. 31An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingDavid Hume · 1748 · sections 1-5, 7-8, 12Demanding
  32. 32A Treatise of Human NatureDavid Hume · 1739-1740 · I.4.6; II.1.1; II.3.3-4; III.1Formidable
  33. 33Critique of Pure ReasonImmanuel Kant · 1781 · B Preface and Introduction; Transcendental Aesthetic; opening of the Analytic; First and Second Analogies; Refutation of Idealism; Third AntinomyFormidable
  34. 34Groundwork of the Metaphysics of MoralsImmanuel Kant · 1785Difficult
  35. 35UtilitarianismJohn Stuart Mill · 1861Moderate
  36. 36Phenomenology of SpiritG. W. F. Hegel · 1807 · Introduction; Sense-Certainty; Lordship and BondageFormidable
  37. 37Fear and TremblingSøren Kierkegaard · 1843Difficult
  38. 38The Second SexSimone de Beauvoir · 1949 · Introduction; Myths, ch. 1 (selections); ch. 10 (selections)Demanding

Historical and Political Thought

Browse these 41 →
  1. 1GenesisAnonymous · c. 10th c. BCE · chapters 37-50Moderate
  2. 2ExodusThe Bible · c. 7th c. BCEModerate
  3. 3DeuteronomyThe Bible · c. 7th c. BCE · chapters 29-32, 34Moderate
  4. 4The HistoriesHerodotus · c. 430 BCE · I.1-91; II.35-41; III.27-38, 61-89; VI.94-120; VII (selections); VII.201-VIII.125; VIII.140-144Demanding
  5. 5History of the Peloponnesian WarThucydides · c. 431-400 BCE · I.1-23, 66-97, 125-146; II.1-65; III.36-50, 81-84; V.84-116; VI.6-32, 47-61, 88-93; VII.50-87Demanding
  6. 6The RepublicPlato · c. 375 BCE · Books I-VIIIDifficult
  7. 7PoliticsAristotle · c. 335 BCE · I; II.1-8; III; IV.1-12; V.1-5; VII.1-9, 13-15Demanding
  8. 8The HistoriesPolybius · c. 150-118 BCE · I.1-6; III (selections); VI (selections); X.2; XI.19Demanding
  9. 9History of RomeLivy · 20 BCE · Preface; I.1-21, 46-60; II.1-13, 23-33, 54-61; IV.1-7, 58-61; VModerate
  10. 10Lives of the Noble Grecians and RomansPlutarch · c. 100-120 · Caesar; BrutusModerate
  11. 11AnnalsTacitus · c. 115-120 · selectionsDemanding
  12. 12The City of GodAugustine · 413-426 · selections from Books I, IV, V, VIII, XI, XII, XIV, XV, XVIII, XIXDifficult
  13. 13The Political RegimeAl-Farabi · c. 940 · selectionsDifficult
  14. 14The Attainment of HappinessAl-Farabi · c. 940 · selectionsDifficult
  15. 15The Guide of the PerplexedMaimonides · c. 1190 · selectionsFormidable
  16. 16Summa TheologicaThomas Aquinas · 1265-1274 · Treatise on Law (Part I-II, qq. 90-97)Difficult
  17. 17The PrinceNiccolò Machiavelli · 1513 · with the Letter to VettoriModerate
  18. 18Discourses on the First Ten Books of LivyNiccolò Machiavelli · c. 1513 · Book I: Preface, chapters 1-6Demanding
  19. 19Concerning Governmental AuthorityMartin Luther · 1523Moderate
  20. 20Institutes of the Christian ReligionJohn Calvin · 1536 · IV.20Difficult
  21. 21LeviathanThomas Hobbes · 1651 · Introduction; chapters 1-6, 10-14, 16-18, 20-21, 29-30Demanding
  22. 22Second Treatise of GovernmentJohn Locke · 1689 · chapters 1-5, 6-8 (selections), 9-14, 18, 19 (selections)Moderate
  23. 23Discourse on the Origin of InequalityJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1755Moderate
  24. 24The Social ContractJean-Jacques Rousseau · 1762 · Parts I and II; IV.8Demanding
  25. 25The Federalist PapersAlexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay · 1787-1788 · Nos. 1, 9, 10, 39, 51Demanding
  26. 26The Constitution of the United StatesAnonymous · 1787Moderate
  27. 27Political WritingsNicolas de Condorcet · 1786-1794 · On Freedom; On RevolutionDemanding
  28. 28The Debate between Sieyès and PaineEmmanuel Joseph Sieyès and Thomas Paine · 1791Moderate
  29. 29Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)French National Assembly · 1789Approachable
  30. 30Reflections on the Revolution in FranceEdmund Burke · 1790 · selectionsDemanding
  31. 31A Vindication of the Rights of MenMary Wollstonecraft · 1790 · selectionsDemanding
  32. 32A Vindication of the Rights of WomanMary Wollstonecraft · 1792 · selectionsDemanding
  33. 33Democracy in AmericaAlexis de Tocqueville · 1835-1840 · Vol. I: Introduction; I.2-5; II.1, 3-4, 6-9. Vol. II: Notice; II.1-5, 8-10, 20; IV.6-8Demanding
  34. 34Narrative of the Life of Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass · 1845 · chapters 1 and 10Moderate
  35. 35Selected SpeechesFrederick Douglass · 1841-1894 · What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?; The Trials and Triumphs of Self-Made Men; The Freedmen's Monument to Abraham Lincoln; Woman Suffrage MovementDemanding
  36. 36The Communist ManifestoKarl Marx · 1848Approachable
  37. 37CapitalKarl Marx · 1867 · Volume I, Part VIII, selectionsDifficult
  38. 38On the Genealogy of MoralsFriedrich Nietzsche · 1887Difficult
  39. 39The Souls of Black FolkW. E. B. Du Bois · 1903 · chapters 1-5, 8, 10-14Moderate
  40. 40The Origins of TotalitarianismHannah Arendt · 1951 · selectionsDifficult
  41. 41Personal Responsibility Under DictatorshipHannah Arendt · 1964Demanding