Al-Ghazali

Al-Ghazali was the most celebrated theologian of medieval Islam, professor at the Nizamiyya college in Baghdad at thirty-three, who suffered a crisis in 1095, lost the power of speech, gave up his post, and wandered for ten years as a Sufi. The Rescuer from Error is his account of that crisis and of his examination of the theologians, philosophers, esotericists and mystics, ending in the certainty he found in Sufi experience. The Incoherence of the Philosophers attacked Avicenna and Aristotle; The Revival of the Religious Sciences rebuilt Islamic practice around inward devotion. He is often compared to Augustine.